Perception and assumptions of young waterpipe smokers in Mumbai, India.

Background: Hookah smoking has been on raise all over the world, including India, especially among youngsters. There is growing evidence suggesting the high school children experimenting this form of tobacco. Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics, behavior, and perceptions related to hookah smoking among the hookah smokers in Mumbai. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 randomly selected young adults between the age group of 15-35 years in Mumbai who visited different dental clinics. The questionnaire was distributed as Google Forms online in the month of November and December 2019 and those who submitted completed responses were included in the study. Results: Only 114 participants returned with the completed forms in the time period of 2 months. The results showed that the majority of participants were between 20 and 24 age, comprising 58% who were having the habit of hookah smoking. Among which 24% females, 76% males had history of hookah habit. Eight percent of males started smoking hookah from very young age. Males (29.89%) shared one hookah pot with four members. Forty percent of the participants stated that they are interested to smoke again because of hookah flavor. Conclusion: Easy availability of newer forms of smoking at online markets could play a role in promoting the use of hookah among youngsters. Most products are being sold without any warnings, and there is no means to control the selling of the products to minors. Educational intervention is urgently needed to create awareness among youth about the harmful effects of hookah smoking.

Résumé Contexte: L'usage du narguilé est en hausse dans le monde entier, y compris en Inde, en particulier chez les jeunes. Il existe de plus en plus de preuves suggérant que les lycéens expérimentent cette forme de tabac. Objectif: L'objectif de cette étude était d'enquêter sur les caractéristiques, comportement et les perceptions liées à la consommation de narguilé parmi les fumeurs de narguilé à Mumbai. Matériaux et méthodes: Une enquête transversale a été menée auprès de 200 jeunes adultes sélectionnés au hasard dans la tranche d'âge 15-35 ans à Mumbai, qui ont visité différentes cliniques dentaires. Le questionnaire a été distribué sous forme de Google Forms en ligne au cours des mois de novembre et décembre 2019 et ceux qui ont soumis des réponses complétées ont été inclus dans l'étude. réponses complétées ont été incluses dans l'étude. Résultats: Seuls 114 participants sont revenus avec les formulaires remplis dans la période de temps de 2 mois. Le site résultats ont montré que la majorité des participants avaient entre 20 et 24 ans, comprenant 58% qui avaient l'habitude de fumer le narguilé. Parmi eux, 24% de femmes et 76% d'hommes avaient des antécédents de narguilé. Huit pour cent des hommes ont commencé à fumer le narguilé dès leur plus jeune âge. Les hommes (29,89%) partageaient un pot de narguilé avec quatre membres. Quarante pour cent des participants ont déclaré qu'ils sont intéressés à fumer à nouveau à cause de la saveur du narguilé. Conclusion: La disponibilité facile de nouvelles formes de fumer sur les marchés en ligne pourrait jouer un rôle dans la promotion de l'utilisation du narguilé parmi les jeunes. du narguilé chez les jeunes. La plupart des produits sont vendus sans aucun avertissement, et il n'existe aucun moyen de contrôler la vente des produits aux mineurs. aux mineurs. Une intervention éducative est nécessaire de toute urgence pour sensibiliser les jeunes aux effets nocifs du narguilé. Mots clés: Narguilé, salons de narguilé, tabac, pipe à eau, jeunes.

Anatomical variations of clivus: a descriptive anatomical study.

PURPOSE: The clivus is a part of the sphenoid bone. It may show some anatomical variations such as fossa navicularis magna (FNM), canalis basilaris medianus (CBM) and craniopharyngeal canal (CPC). These variations have been associated with conditions like meningitis and tumors of skull base. Inadequate information about these structures may pose a risk of inaccurate diagnosis resulting in unwarranted interventional procedures. Hence, the knowledge about the prevalence of these variations is important. Thus, the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of fossa navicularis magna, craniopharyngeal canal and canalis basilaris medianus and its types utilizing cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. METHODS: Retrospectively, a total of 350 CBCT scans were evaluated for the presence of FNM, CBM, its types and CPC. The analysis was done by two observers independently. Cohen's kappa statistics was used to determine the interobserver agreement. RESULTS: FNM was noted in 19.4% cases, CBM in 9.7% cases, whereas CPC was not identified in any case. Type 5 was the most common type of CBM. There was no significant difference (p > 0.05) between genders and age groups for the prevalence and a highly significant (p < 0.01) substantial agreement between observers for the prevalence of FNM and highly significant (p < 0.01) moderate agreement for the prevalence of CBM and its types was obtained. CONCLUSION: FNM, CBM, CPC, albeit rare anatomical variations of clivus, knowledge of these structures is important for radiologists, anatomists and surgeons to avoid misdiagnosis and provide awareness to the individual of a higher possibility of meningitis or tumors of the skull base.

Recording Myocentric Relation in a Partially Edentulous Patient: A Case Report.

The masticatory system constitutes four closely interrelated components: Teeth, muscles, nerves, and temporomandibular joints (TMJ). The stable and physiologic rest position of the TMJ is based on the muscle guidance (mainly masticatory, and partially facial), neurally determined and controlled occlusion, integrated together with its peripheral proprioceptors and relax mechanism of the central nervous system. Oral rehabilitation procedures should emphasize on a holistic approach to establish a physiologic relationship of the lower jaw to the base of the cranium resulting in a neuromuscular rest position. This position then would support an occlusion for the stability of the TMJ, the masticatory muscles of the orofacial region and the teeth along with their supporting periodontium. Such a holistic approach becomes more important in cases where the patient not only requires oral rehabilitation but also presents with related TMJ problems. This is a case report where an attempt is made to rehabilitate a patient in a neuromuscular rest position by establishing a myocentric relation.